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Audi 100/A61990-1997 of releaseRepair and car operation |
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Audi 100/A6 + 1. The maintenance instruction + 2. Maintenance service + 3. Engines + 3.2. Diesel engines + 3.3. Removal and a partition of engines + 4. Cooling system + 5. Heating and ventilation + 6. Fuel system + 7. An exhaust system + 8. Systems of start, ignition + 9. Transmission + 10. Brake system + 11. Suspension brackets, a steering + 12. A body + 13. An electric equipment - 14. A good advice 14.1.1. Changed numbers 14.1.2. Purchase of the old car or a mysterious set of figures and letters 14.2. Durability of the car 14.3. About parallelism of bridges of the car and the trailer 14.4. Preparation of the car for winter 14.5. It is not got – a good advice 14.6. From change of places "composed" varies nothing? 14.7. Visit to car-care centre + 14.8. The engine + 14.9. The conditioner 14.10. turbocharger - 14.11. Three in one – or how to save the catalyst 14.11.1. As the catalyst works 14.11.2. That ruins the catalyst 14.11.3. Enemies of the catalyst + 14.12. The accumulator 14.13. The generator 14.14. slip 14.15. "Automatic machine" + 14.16. Brake system + 14.17. Wheels and tyres |
14.11.1. As the catalyst works
At combustion of a working mix a number of the unhealthy person of products of combustion, in particular, окись carbon (WITH), various hydrocarbons (СН) and nitrogen oxides (NO) is formed. Though these substances also make only 1 % from the general exhaust (the rest is a nitrogen, dioxide of carbon and water steam), they are very harmful and neutralisation demand. There are some ways of struggle against harmful exhausts – for example, mix pauperisation on which the engine or рециркуляция an exhaust works – but any of them will not be compared by efficiency with каталитическим neutralizer. As experts speak, каталитический neutralizer is a simple device in which there is a difficult chemical process. "In the case from stainless steel there is ceramic or metal" a brick ", having cellular structure. At this monolith the huge area of a surface, and all it is covered by the most thin layer of a special alloy – actually the catalyst containing platinum, rhodium and a palladium. These precious metals are responsible for wonderful properties of the catalyst, they define its high cost". Exhaust gases "wash" a monolith surface, and when the temperature reaches "critical" value 270 ° With, reaction begins каталитическая. Окись carbon turns to dioxide (carbonic gas), hydrocarbons turn to water and besides carbon dioxide, and nitrogen oxides turn to water and nitrogen. All it for environment less harmfully. Katalitichesky neutralizers are capable to reduce effectively enough toxicity of an exhaust, thus they do not influence consumption of fuel and capacity of the engine. In the presence of the catalyst return pressure of an exhaust from what the engine loses 2–3 h.p., but it, practically, all "payment" for exhaust clearing slightly increases. However, installation каталитического neutralizer – not the ideal decision. Theoretically, it should serve infinitely as aforementioned precious metals serve only as the catalyst which at chemical reaction, as it is known, is not spent. In practice the catalyst life has the limit... |
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